Tractor inspection and maintenance

Tractors are mainly used to pull and drive various supporting machinery, and are power machinery for completing agricultural field operations, various earthwork operations, transportation operations, and fixed operations. Doing a good job in technical maintenance can slow down the deterioration of the technical condition of various components, reduce faults, extend the service life, and ensure that the tractor works regularly in good condition.
1. Carefully clean the oil and dust on the surface of the tractor. Check if the main connecting bolts and nuts are loose and tighten them in a timely manner. Check if the diesel, engine oil, and cooling water are fully added. Check the oil level of the engine oil pan, and if it is insufficient, add enough. Check the tire pressure. After starting the engine, let the locomotive run on its own at idle for 3-5 minutes, allowing lubricating oil to fully enter all working components, and check if the instruments, lights, and horns are working properly. Check for wear on the brake oil pipe and the tightness of the pipe connection, paying special attention to whether the brake oil pipe is rubbing against the axle package, frame, etc. Check the on-board tools.
2. Check the lubrication system. In addition to replacing the three core (air filter, diesel filter, engine oil filter), it is also necessary to replace or clean each hydraulic oil filter. Lubricating oil and fuel should be replaced according to regional and seasonal requirements. If lubricating oil has already been drained before the new year, the oil filling port on the cylinder head should be opened. After adding qualified lubricating oil, let it stand for ten minutes. Check the oil dipstick, which should be level with the "upper" line of the oil dipstick. Then let it stand for 20-30 minutes before checking for any changes in the oil level. If there is an increase, it is necessary to investigate the cause and troubleshoot. If it is an engine with a turbocharger, it is necessary to remove the hollow bolt at the oil inlet of the turbocharger suspension bearing, add a few drops of lubricating oil, and then install it. The lubricating grease nozzle and oil cup should be complete. All lubrication parts and assemblies should be filled with sufficient lubricating oil or grease according to the prescribed oil standards. The ventilator should be clean and unobstructed.
3. Check the cooling system. In cold areas, it is important to inspect the engine for frost damage, especially for vehicles that did not drain water or have not added antifreeze before the new year. It is important to carefully inspect the engine's body for signs of water blockage, drain switch, oil radiator, etc. for signs of frost cracking. If normal, add soft water until the water tank is flush, let it stand for one hour, and check if there is any change in the water level. If the water level drops, the cause needs to be investigated. If there is no decrease, it is normal. Be careful not to add well water and tap water that are prone to scale formation.
4. Check the circuit system. The circuits for starting, lighting, and instruments should be normal, and the insulation parts of all electrical accessories should not have any leakage, short circuit, or other phenomena. The cold start device of the engine in cold regions should be able to operate normally. Check the battery observation hole: Green indicates that the battery is fully charged; Black indicates low battery level; White indicates that the battery is basically dead. When a black display appears on the battery observation hole, supplementary charging is required; When a white display appears on the observation hole, the battery needs to be replaced. When the battery is low, it should be charged with one tenth of the rated current of the battery first. When charging lead-acid batteries, if the electrolyte level is level with the marking or 10-15 millimeters higher than the partition, the filling plug should be opened to prevent blockage of the air outlet, which may cause the battery to explode due to high air pressure. After charging, the voltage of the individual battery should be around 13 volts.
5. Check and change the oil level of the engine oil pan. Pull out the oil dipstick located on the left front of the engine oil pan and check if the oil level is between the upper and lower markings. If the oil level does not reach the lower mark, the oil filler cap on the engine timing gear compartment cover should be removed for refueling. When changing oil for maintenance, the oil drain plug at the bottom of the oil pan should be unscrewed, all dirty oil should be drained and cleaned, and then new oil should be added.
6. Inspection and maintenance of hydraulic steering oil tank. The hydraulic steering oil tank is set at the upper end of the engine. Open the tank cover (with a dipstick) and observe whether there are oil marks on the dipstick. If there are no oil marks, it indicates that the oil level in the steering oil tank is insufficient. The cause of the oil leakage should be checked and found. Then, remove the oil tank and add oil to the middle mark of the dipstick before reinstalling it in its original position. During the inspection, the hydraulic steering cylinder, oil pipe, and joints should be systematically checked to ensure that there is no oil leakage. Otherwise, it is easy to cause ineffective steering. The filter in the oil tank should be cleaned or replaced regularly. When checking the oil level, it is necessary to also check whether the ventilation valve (such as rivet shaped) on the center position of the fuel tank cover is flexible in lifting and lowering. If there is oil contamination affecting lifting and lowering, it should be cleaned thoroughly.
7. Check and change the oil level of the engine oil pan. Pull out the oil dipstick located on the left front of the engine oil pan and check if the oil level is between the upper and lower markings. If the oil level does not reach the lower mark, the oil filler cap on the engine timing gear compartment cover should be removed for refueling. When changing oil for maintenance, the oil drain plug at the bottom of the oil pan should be unscrewed, all dirty oil should be drained and cleaned, and then new oil should be added.
8. Check the steering system. Pay attention to the clearance between the left and right directions, observe the clearance between the rod ball head transmission and the hydraulic cylinder (hydraulic cylinder direction) pin shaft. If the clearance is too large, replace the rod ball head and the hydraulic cylinder pin shaft. After replacing the ball joint and pin shaft, it is necessary to check the toe in. The toe in for four-wheel drive is 0-4mm, and for two wheel drive it is 5-10mm.
9. Check the clutch. Check the clearance between the clutch pedal, release bearing, and release lever to ensure complete and flexible separation without any jamming. When the pedal is pressed, it can shift gears and there is no abnormal gear noise. If the clutch has been used for too long, it is necessary to disassemble and inspect the friction plate and release bearing. If it exceeds the limit, it needs to be replaced; If the wear is not significant, add lubricating grease to the separation bearing and then assemble it according to the standard.
10. Check the brake. Check the brake fluid level and pedal travel. The first foot of the brake pedal can be pressed firmly at once, and the second foot cannot be pressed continuously. The return is normal and there is no jamming. The height of the left and right brake pedals should be synchronized.
After all the above checks are normal, the main and auxiliary speed control handles should be in the "empty", "lowered", "middle" or "separated" position before starting; The hydraulic power device should be in the "middle" position; At this point, you can open the small window on the flywheel housing, use a small pry bar to move the flywheel ring gear, rotate the crankshaft several times, and then turn on the ignition switch to start the power. The speed needs to be low first and then high, gradually increasing the power speed. At the same time, observe the instrument and listen carefully for the sound. If there is any abnormality, stop the machine first and then check and troubleshoot.