Tractor maintenance in different periods

Tractor maintenance in different periods
1. The maintenance of tractor parked for a long time should not be ignored
For tractors parked for a long time, the following maintenance work shall be done during parking:
(1) Tire deformation cannot be ignored. The tire is made of rubber. When parking, the tire will deform under the gravity of the vehicle. If the tire is parked for a long time and the tire position remains unchanged, the tire deformation will develop from elastic deformation to plastic deformation, resulting in rubber aging and deterioration and loss of performance. Therefore, for vehicles parked for a long time, the body should be supported, or the vehicle should be moved back and forth every few days to avoid the body weight pressing on the same position of the tire for a long time.
(2) Pay attention to replenishing lubricating oil. In the process of long-term parking, the lubricating oil in the engine will deteriorate due to contact with oxygen and acid-base components in the air, form colloidal objects and lose the lubrication function, which will lead to the wear between cylinder and piston due to poor lubrication when starting the engine again. Therefore, before the tractor is parked for a long time, change the oil of the diesel engine and start the tractor for 5 min. the advantage of this is to make the oil circulate to all moving parts in the whole diesel engine body. For tractors with long-term shutdown, start the engine at least once a month to maintain normal lubrication in the engine.
(3) Prevent battery vulcanization. In essence, the battery is an electrochemical reaction container. When it is not used, electrochemical changes will also occur, that is, it will discharge slowly. If not charged in time, after excessive discharge, the active substances on the electrode plate will gradually form coarse and hard lead sulfate for scrap. Therefore, if the vehicle is not used for a long time, start the engine every 30 days or so and run at medium speed for about 30 minutes. If there is a special charger, remove the battery, scrub the outer surface, apply Vaseline on the electric pile after sufficient power, and put it in a clean and warm room. During storage, it shall be charged at least once a month to prevent vulcanization or frost cracking.
(4) Prevent fuel deterioration. During long-term parking, the fuel and oxygen in the fuel tank will oxidize and produce colloid, which will not only deteriorate the starting performance of the diesel engine, but also accelerate the wear of parts and shorten the service life of the diesel engine. Therefore, during parking, first, avoid the contact between diesel and air. The tractor placed for a long time should be filled with diesel and sealed tightly to reduce the air in the oil tank. Second, it is necessary to inject diesel with good stability. Third, regular inspection and replacement of diesel. Fourth, drain the diesel in the fuel tank.
2 maintenance of long-term stored diesel engine before startup
For the diesel engine stored for a long time, in order to give full play to its efficiency in use, the following work shall be done before startup:
(1) Clean the appearance of the whole machine, remove dust and oil, and scrub all parts. Check all parts for damage, such as bruise, crush, frost crack, etc. Shake the locomotive, check whether the operation and control mechanism is correct and flexible, check the bolts at each connecting part, and fasten them in time if they are loose.
(2) Remove the air filter, inject 10 ~ 15g oil from the air inlet pipe, shake the locomotive and suck it into the cylinder. Fill the crankcase with enough lubricating oil, loosen the screw at the end of the lubricating oil indicator pipe, shake the crankshaft to make the oil pump work, and check the working condition of the oil pump. If the loose screw continuously overflows oil during shaking, it indicates that the oil pump is working. After inspection, tighten the loosened screws and restore the original technical state.
(3) Fill the fuel tank with enough diesel, turn on the fuel tank switch, place the throttle at the maximum fuel supply position, and shake the crankshaft to put all parts of the fuel supply system into operation. If the fuel injector emits a crisp injection sound, it indicates that the fuel supply system works normally; If there is no oil injection sound, it indicates that the oil supply system does not supply oil or the fuel injection nozzle is not tightly closed. Check and eliminate the fault.
(4) For diesel engines that have not been thoroughly inspected and maintained before sealing in winter, the following three tasks should be done: ① check the technical conditions described in the locomotive work diary in detail to take corresponding maintenance or repair measures. ② Thoroughly clean and maintain the fuel tank, fuel filter, air filter, crankcase and oil filter screen; Add clean diesel and engine oil and shake the crankshaft to make each mechanism run freely. ③ Check the valve clearance and tighten the valve locking screw.
(5) Before starting, there must be enough engine oil, add enough hot water into the water tank, and start it after 4 ~ 6 minutes. After the diesel engine catches fire, immediately check the oil pressure gauge or oil indicator, and the oil pressure must meet the requirements. Listen carefully to the locomotive sound, check the working state of the operating mechanism and control mechanism, and check the operation of the locomotive. Identify the locomotive oil supply time, and adjust it if it is inappropriate. After everything is normal, it should be put into operation after 1 hour of operation.
3 maintenance of tractor after running in
For new tractors or tractors after overhaul, the cooperation of main moving parts is not good, and the machine cannot operate continuously at high load and high speed immediately. In order to ensure its normal performance and eliminate early faults, it must be run in according to the running in specifications specified in the tractor operation and maintenance manual before use. After the running in and test run of the tractor, a considerable amount of metal dust has accumulated in the lubrication system, and after a period of test run, some fastening parts of the tractor may become loose and some adjustment parts may change. Therefore, before the test run tractor is officially put into production, the lubricating oil must be replaced, the lubrication system must be cleaned, some fastening parts or adjustment parts must be checked, and retightened and adjusted if necessary. Generally, the following technical maintenance shall be carried out for the tractor:
(1) After the load test run, drain the lubricating oil in the hydraulic oil tank of the transmission system while it is hot, then inject clean diesel oil, move the tractor forward and backward with low gear for several minutes, operate the lifting handle, repeatedly raise and lower for several times for cleaning, then drain the diesel oil for cleaning, and add new oil according to the regulations. In order to drain the diesel oil in the hydraulic oil tank, the rear wheels should be padded up by about 25 cm.
(2) Stop the engine, drain the oil from the oil pan while it is hot, clean the filter screen and oil pan with diesel, then drain the cleaning oil and inject new oil according to the specified requirements.
(3) Tighten the cylinder head nuts while hot according to the specified torque, and check the fastening bolts and nuts at other parts outside the tractor. If they are loose, they must be tightened. Check and adjust the valve clearance and decompression clearance as required.
(4) Check the adjustment of clutch, brake and front wheel toe in, and readjust it if necessary.